- 修正: SFP不含fibrinogen,已修改原圖,謝謝網友指正。(2020/01)
我盡力了,好難整理(跪)。排版什麼的我不管了(對齊這件事誤我一生啊)
Ref:台灣血液基金會 <<血液成分精要>>
Whole blood
體積 | 285ml (100ml RBC + 150ml Plasma + PLT + 35ml CPDA-1) |
貯存 | Fresh : < 3 days Stored : 3~35 days |
內容物 | Fresh : RBC, factor V,VIII,vWF, functional Platelet, WBC (109) Stored : RBC, nonfunctional Platelet, WBC(109) |
適應症 | Surgery, Acute hemorrhage, Neonatal exchange transfusions |
預期效應 | Hb↑0.5/U |
副作用 | Allergy, Shock, GVHD, Iron overload, Hemolytic reaction, HypoCa |
其他 | 1U FFP/5U whole blood, 6U PLT conc./10U whole blood |
= RBC =
= packed RBC =
體積 | CPDA-1 ~150ml/U, SAGM ~200ml/U |
貯存 | 1~6°C, CPDA-1 35 days, SAGM 42 days |
內容物 | RBC, Plasma, PLT, WBC(109) |
適應症 | < 7: general patients 7~9 :patients with CV diseases or risks |
預期效應 | Hb ↑ 0.5/U |
副作用 | Allergy, Shock, GVHD, Iron overload, Hemolytic reaction, HypoCa |
其他 | 應先校正鐵、B12、葉酸等異常。 |
= washed RBC =
體積 | ~150ml |
貯存 | 1~6°C, 製備後24Hr內輸用 |
內容物 | RBC, |
適應症 | IgA deficiency, allergy, PNH, long-term transfusion |
預期效應 | Hb ↑ 0.5/U |
副作用 | Allergy, Shock, GVHD, Iron overload, Hemolytic reaction… |
其他 | . |
= leukocyte-reduced RBC =
體積 | ~ 150~200ml/U |
貯存 | 1~6°C, CPDA-1 35 days, SAGM 42 days |
內容物 | RBC, Plasma, Unstable coagulation factors, PLT, WBC(<5 X 106) |
適應症 | ≥2 FNHTR, Organ transplant, HLA alloantibiody (long-term PLT transfusion) |
預期效應 | Hb ↑ 0.5/U |
副作用 | Allergy, Shock, GVHD, Iron overload, Hemolytic reaction |
其他 | . |
ICU book 裡提到用Hb作為輸血的標準並不是理想的做法,因為1.Hb無法正確反映組織氧和的程度2. Hb值 可能會因dilution effect 產生誤差。
比較適合作為transfusion trigger的指標應該是O2 extraction (≅ SaO2 -ScvO2 ≅ 1-ScvO2 if SaO2 is close to 100%)
不過“ instead of abandoning the Hb level, physicians have abandoned the recommendation! ” ICU book好犀利XD
= Platelet =
Concentrate (random donor, RD-PLT), Apheresis (single donor, SD-PLT)
1U SD-PLT ≅ 12U RD-PLT
體積 | RD-PLT 30~40ml/U SD-PLT 200~300ml |
貯存 | 20-24°C, 振盪器, 5 days |
內容物 | RD-PLT: PLT( 3 X 1010), plasma, WBC(107) SD-PLT: PLT( 3 X 1011), plasma, WBC(108) |
適應症 | Prophylactic : 1. Ocular or CNS surgery : 100,000 Major surgery : 50,000 2. BM study 20,000 ; CVC 20,000 ; Lumbar puncture 50,000 (ICU book: LP 20,000, CVC 10,000) 3. hematological disease, malignancy on C/T : 10,000~20,000 4. spontaneous bleeding: 10,000 Therapeutic: 1. Thrombocytopenia or PLT dysfunction related bleeding : 50,000 |
預期效應 | 2,500~3,000↑/U
CCI = (post-PLT – pre-PLT) X BSA / Number of PLT transfused |
副作用 | Allergy, shock, GVHD,
Higher rates of infection, FNHR, hypersensitivity than RBC transfusion |
其他 | contraindication: TTP |
如果是用於預防性輸注,研究顯示一袋血小板就吃得飽,不用兩個便當的概念。
N Engl J Med 2010;362:600-13
Blood Transfus 2009; 7: 132-150
Platelet refractoriness:反覆輸注血小板會使每次同樣單位的血小板輸注所能提升的血中血小板量下降。
大概會抓輸完至少要上升個20,000,一直輸不起來要來算個CCI,考慮是否HLA-match的血小板。
= Plasma =
= Fresh-frozen plasma =
= Stored-frozen plasma =
體積 | 100ml/U |
貯存 | -18ºC, 1 year (if not used => SFP for 4 more years) |
內容物 | FFP: Coagulation factor (V, VIII), vWF, fibrinogen, albumin (4gm), Ig (2gm)
FP: |
適應症 | PT/aPTT > 1.5 且且且 active bleeding/impeding intervention
不是看到PT/PTT prolongation就要輸,要同時合併有出血證據或預期會出血。 |
預期效應 | INR高時每單位的FFP可以校正的INR幅度也較大,INR接近正常值時每單位的FFP則只能改變一咪咪的INR,所以硬要把INR輸到1.0要輸很大量的FFP也沒有必要。usual dose 10~15ml/kg http://www.clinlabnavigator.com/plasmatransfusionguidelines.html |
副作用 | Allergy, Shock, GVHD, |
其他 | . |
Blood Transfus 2009; 7: 132-150
- coagulation factor 只要有正常值的30%(≅INR 1.5)便足夠發揮凝血功能。
- FFP 或 SFP 不應用來當作 volume expander
- FFP 或 SFP 不應用來治療 Hypoalbuminemia
= Cryoprecipitate =
體積 | 15ml/U |
貯存 | -18ºC, 1 year |
內容物 | Factor VII, fibrinogen, vWF, Factor XIII |
適應症 | Hemophilia A, Uremic bleeding, VWD, XIII deficiency, fibrinogen diseases |
預期效應 | usual dose 1U/ 10kg |
副作用 | Allergy, Shock, GVHD, |
其他 | Cryo不該被當作concentrated FFP! |
= WBC =
體積 | 18~32ml/U |
貯存 | 20~24°C, 製備後24Hr內 |
內容物 | WBC 109/U, RBC, PLT |
適應症 | 同時符合下列三項 1.顆粒球少於 500/μl。 2.病人患有敗血症(Sepsis)或嚴重感染病,在經抗生 素治療24~48小時後仍無法穩定,持續發燒或細菌 感染仍無法控制者。 3.病人之骨髓造血機能低下但造血機能短期內有恢復之 可能者。 |
預期效應 | T1/2 6~7hr, 12U Q12H |
副作用 | Fever, chills, hypersensitivity, infection (CMV), alloimmunization, GVHD |
其他 | . |
= irradiation? =
電血最主要的目的是降低TA-GVHD(transfusion-associated graft versus host disease),在特定的病人族群(請見下表)才需要。
Anaesthesia, 2011, 66, pages 620–631
= TRALI or TACO ?=
https://www.dovepress.com/best-practices-in-the-differential-diagnosis-and-reporting-of-acute-tr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJCTM
= Premedication? =
The low incidence of febrile and allergic reactions, evidence suggesting that premedication is not effective, and the costs and risks of premedication lead us to conclude that routine premedication before transfusion is not good prophylaxis, and bad practice.
Transfus Med Rev. 2007 January ; 21(1): 1–12
Transfusion 2008; 48:2285-2291
就目前的研究證據而言,premedication似乎並沒有統計上顯著的好處,甚至可能帶來其他副作用。常規使用premedication或許是“bad practice”,至少對於先前並無輸血反應的病人來說,premedication是非必要的。(誒不過大家好像還是會用)
暫且先整理到這邊,內文資訊為自己從書上和老師上課講義及臨床經驗整理,若有疏漏或錯誤還請指正,謝謝。
Ref:
台灣血液基金會:血液成分精要
AAFP: Transfusion of Blood and Blood Products: Indications and Complications
盧彥哲醫師:http://www.yinchelu.com/2016/05/transfusionmedicne1.html
Red Blood Cell Transfusion: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the AABB*
Platelet Transfusion: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the AABB
封面圖為估狗而來:http://www.tridentlifeline.com/pages/blood-transfusion-set/
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各位朋友,請不吝按讚或分享,讓我們一起為美好的二手人生努力(遠目)!
上面整理的SFP 應該不含fibrinogen?
謝謝你的指正,已修改。